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Objective:To evaluate the implementation effect of the "Shanghai Construction Project Centralized Air Conditioning and Ventilation System Hygiene Evaluation Specification （Trial）" （hereinafter referred to as the "standard"）. Methods:The "Centralized Air Conditioning and Ventilation System Hygiene Evaluation Report Score Sheet" was used to compare the quality of air conditioning hygienic evaluation reports before and after the implementation of the standard. Results:After the implementation of the standard， the total score of the air conditioning health evaluation report was significantly higher than that before the implementation （t=3.164， P=0.002）. The scores of format， general theory， engineering analysis and suggested conclusion after the implementation were all higher than before the implementation （t=3.701， 2.012， 2.152， 2.450， respectively， all P<0.05）. The difference in scores of evaluation process was not statistically significant between before and after the standard implementation （P=0.465）. Conclusion:After the implementation of the standard， the quality of air-conditioning health evaluation reports has significantly improved.
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Objective To investigate the sanitation status of centralized air ventilation system in Putuo District of Shanghai, to analyze correlation between different indexes and to provide basis for improving the health status of public places and strengthening health supervision. Methods According to the requirements of WS 394-2012 The Sanitation Criterion of the Centralized Air Ventilation System in Public Places, 18 centralized air ventilation systems in public places in Putuo District of Shanghai were randomly selected for sampling, testing and evaluation during 2014-2018, and 9 indexes of air supply, inner surface of air duct and indoor air were analyzed for correlation. Results The overall qualified rate of centralized air ventilation system in 10 hotels, 4 restaurants and 4 supermarkets was 86.0%.The over standard rate of PM10, bacteria and fungi in air supply was 3.4%, 31.8% and 33.0%, respectively, but β-hemolytic streptococcus was not detected.The dust amount and microbial index on the inner surface of the air duct were up to standard.Another two indexes of fresh air quantity and Legionella pneumophila were tested in the hotel.The qualified rate of fresh air quantity was 25.6%, the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila type 1(LP1) in cooling water was 30.0%, and no Legionella pneumophila was detected in condensate water.The correlation analysis of 9 indexes showed that there was a significant positive correlation between PM10 in air supply and in indoor air; the amount of microbial pollution on the inner surface of air duct and in air supply; and the amount of microbial pollution in air supply and in indoor air. Conclusions In Putuo District, the general sanitary condition of the centralized air ventilation system in public places is not to be optimistic.The qualified rate of bacteria and fungi in the air supply and fresh air quantity is low, and Legionella pneumophila was detected.The indoor air quality can be improved by installing efficient air purification device and regular cleaning and disinfection.
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Objective To investigate the hygienic status of ventilation systems in centralized air-conditioning in Nanshan district of Shenzhen City, and to provide a basis for standardizing hygienic management and targeted prevention and control. Methods According to the requirements of "Hygienic Specifications for Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places" WS 394-2012, 303 public places using central air conditioning and ventilation devices in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City were sampled from 2016 to 2019 for four consecutive years. From these, 19 large public places were randomly selected for investigation of the hygienic condition of the air supply system. Results The qualified rates of central air conditioning ventilation systems from 2016-2019 were 94.56%, 96.96%, 98.33% and 95.65%, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference among them (P>0.05). The qualified rates of accumulated dust, total bacterium and fungus counts on the inner surface of the ducts were 100%, 98.34% and 98.67%, respectively. PM10, total bacterium counts and fungus counts in the supplied air of the randomly selected 19 large public places were 100%, 63.15% and 78.94% respectively. The overall detection rate of Legionella pneumophila was 12.21%, and the detection rate of cooling water was larger than that of condensed water (P0.05). Conclusion The sanitary condition of the central air conditioning ventilation system in the public places of Nanshan district needed to be improved. Legionella pneumophila was still detected in some public places. Daily cleaning and disinfection management of central air condition systems should be strengthened.
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Objective To assess the hygienic status of the central air conditioning ventilation system in public places by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.Methods According to the comprehensive evaluation method of public place (WS /T 199—2001),a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to evaluate central air conditioning ventilation systems in 15 large public places of Jinhua City.Results The qualified rate of central air ventilation system was 53.30%, and the qualified rates of total number of bacteria,the fungi,β-hemolytic streptococcus in air blow and Legionella bacteria in the cooling water all reached 100.00%.At the same time,the qualified rate of bacteria,fungi and dust volume in internal surface of pipe were 93.33%,86.67% and 80.00% respectively.The qualified rate of PM10 was 86.67%. Among 15 central air conditioning ventilation systems,13 systems were evaluated as level Ⅰ,and the other two was as level Ⅱand Ⅳ respectively.TAAlso,14 evaluated units got the fuzzy comprehensive indexes of central air ventilation less than 0.5.Conclusion The hygiene status of central air conditioning ventilation system in Jinhua is acceptable,and the management of hygiene quality should be strengthened.
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A central de ventiladores mecânicos é a unidade do hospital com finalidade de organizar recursos de ventilação,promovendo controle e manutenção preventiva e organizacional desses equipamentos. O objetivo deste estudo érelatar o planejamento, a organização, a implantação e a operacionalização de uma central de ventiladores mecânicosem um hospital de ensino. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de natureza descritiva do tipo relato de experiência comfoco nas etapas necessárias à centralização dos equipamentos. Os resultados revelaram ser possível implantar umacentral de ventiladores mecânicos em uma organização pública, gerenciada pelo profissional enfermeiro, assimcomo enfatiza o papel deste profissional como articulador de novos modelos de gerência, atenuado pelo fato de sereste um dos responsáveis pela articulação de novos processos de trabalho nas organizações de saúde. O processode implantação denota a importância de centralizar os equipamentos, apontando para melhorias na assistência, naformação de recursos humanos e na produção do conhecimento. Concluiu-se que o processo de centralização exigenovas reflexões acerca dos modelos gerenciais tradicionais para o contexto hospitalar, levando-se em consideraçãoimplicações sociopolíticas, econômicas e culturais que compõem um cenário no qual a gerência no trabalho é umacaracterística essencial no enfrentamento dos desafios colocados por novas propostas no panorama do sistemapúblico de saúde.
Central ventilation system is the unit of the hospital with the purpose of organizing ventilation resources promotingcontrol and preventive maintenance and organization of equipment. The aim of this study is to report planning,organization, deployment and operation of a central ventilation system in a teaching hospital. This is a study ofdescriptive nature, a report of experience type focusing on the necessary steps to the equipment centralization. Theresults show that it is possible to implement a central ventilation system unit with the management of a nurse.This studyalso emphasizes the role of this professional as an articulator of new models of management, mitigated by the factthat the nurse is one of the professionals responsible for articulating new work processes in healthcare organizations.The implementation process shows the importance of centralizing equipment, pointing to improvements in care,training of human resources and production of knowledge. It is concluded that the centralization process requiresnew considerations about traditional management models in the hospital setting, taking into account socio-political,cultural and economic implications that make up a scenario in which the management at work is an essentialfeature in confronting the challenges proposed by new suggestions in the public health system scope.
La central de ventiladores mecánicos es la unidad del hospital con el fin de organizar los recursos de la ventilación,promoviendo el control, la mantención preventiva y la organización de esos equipos. El objetivo de este estudio esrelatar sobre la planificación, organización, implementación y operación de una central de ventiladores mecánicosen un hospital universitario. Es un estudio de caso de enfoque descriptivo de tipo relato de experiencia centrado enlas etapas necesarias a la centralización de los equipos. Los resultados demostraron que es posible implementar unacentral de ventiladores central mecánicos en una organización pública, gestionada por profesionales de enfermería,y enfatiza el papel de este profesional como un articulador de nuevos modelos de gestión, minorado por el hechode que este es el responsable por articular nuevos modelos de gestión en las organizaciones sanitarias. El procesode implementación muestra la importancia de centralizar los equipos, apuntando mejoras en la atención, en laformación de recursos humanos y en la producción de conocimiento. Se concluye que el proceso de centralizaciónexige nuevas reflexiones sobre los modelos de gestión tradicional en el ámbito hospitalario, teniendo en cuentalas implicaciones sociopolíticas, económicas y culturales que constituyen un escenario, en el cual, la gestión en eltrabajo es una característica esencial para enfrentar los desafíos surgidos en función de las nuevas propuestas en elpanorama de la salud pública.
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Humans , Ventilators, Mechanical , Health Resources , Nurses , Nursing Care , Equipment and Supplies , Nursing, TeamABSTRACT
Displacement ventilation is described from the aspects of its primary principle, characteristics and differences from the traditional one. The factors that have to be taken account into when a displacement ventilation system designed are also discussed.
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This study investigated the morphological differences of P. ostreatus grown in the artificial environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, ventilation, and watering. Oyster mushroom, which was cultivated on artificial environmental condition, was shown to have different morphology of fruitbodies. The optimum CO2 concentration for good morphology of P. ostreatus was 0.3%. But most fruitbody showed the morphologically low qualities in more than 0.5% of CO2 concentration. In the humidity in excess of 80% at 13~16degrees C, the best morphology of P. ostreatus was investigated. The growth of fruitbodies of P. ostreatus in the ventilation system was good at the wind velocity ranging from 0.2~0.5 fpms and expouring type. In other conditions, P. ostreatus generally showed the morphology closing to malformation.
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Humidity , Pleurotus , Ventilation , WindABSTRACT
Objective To know the air supply quality of central air-conditioning ventilation system in building before and after cleaning.Methods Three sets of central air-conditioning ventilation systems were selected from a building randomly and 3 air supply ways were selected in each system for the determination of inhalable particulate matter(PM10) and microorganisms in air before and after cleaning.Results After cleaning,the unqualified rate of air quality increased from 11.1%(before cleaning) to 77.8%.The mean value of PM10 increased from 0.051 mg/m3(before cleaning) to 0.083 mg/m3,the median of total account of bacteria and fungus increased from 150 cfu/m3 and 13 cfu/m2(before cleaning) to 570 cfu/m3 and 110 cfu/m3 respectively.Conclusion The air supply quality of central air-conditioning ventilation system in building may be damaged by cleaning if the operation is not in the right way.
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Objective To assess the cleaning effect of central air conditioning ventilation systems. Methods During 2006—2007, the quality of 15 central air conditioning ventilation systems from 5 hotels in Tianjin were assessed before and after cleaning and disinfection. Results Before the central air conditioning ventilation systems being cleaned and disinfected, the medians of the dust in central air conditioning ventilation system, the aerobic bacterial counts in dust, the fungus counts in dust, the aerobic bacterial count in ventilation system, and the PM10 were 60.67 g/m2, 40 cfu/m2, 14 cfu/m2, 1 074 cfu/m3, 304 cfu/m3 and 0.09 mg/m3 respectively. After that, the medians were 0.26 g/m2, 0 cfu/m2, 0.2 cfu/m2, 219 cfu/m3, 121 cfu/m3 and 0.07 mg/m3 respectively. The eligible rates were 20%(3/15), 87.8%(36/41), 82.9%(34/41), 18.3%(11/60), 66.7%(40/60) and 65.7%(23/35) before the systems being cleaned and disinfected, by comparison, they were 100%(15/15), 100%(41/41), 100%(41/41), 91.7%(55/60), 96.7%(58/60) and 100%(35/35) after being cleaned and disinfected. Before the systems being cleaned and disinfected, the eligible rates of hemolytic streptococcus in ventilation systems, Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and condensed water were 100%(39/39), 80%(4/5) and 100%(5/5), after that, they were all 100%. Conclusion Cleaning and disinfecting is an effective way to improve the hygiene quality of central air conditioning ventilation systems. For protecting the people health, central air conditioning ventilation systems should be cleaned and disinfected regularly.